Food Substitutions From the barefoot
foodie
Substitutions are seperated by the (=) sign in most
cases
M
Macaroni 1 lb. elbow = 8 to 9 cups cooked
Macaroni See Pasta
Mace = allspice
= cloves = nutmeg (Optional. add cardamom)
Mache See Lettuce
Madeira = sherry = port
Mango = peach with a little lemon and allspice
Margarine = butter = shortening Note: See Butter entries.
Margarine 1 lb. = 4 sticks 1 lb. = 2 cups 1 stick = 1/2 cup
Marinade for Beef, Lamb, or Chicken 1 cup red wine or red wine vinegar for beef or lamb; 1 cup dry white
wine for chicken 1 cup salad oil or olive oil or combination 2 cloves garlic 1 teaspoon black pepper, freshly
ground 1/4 cup minced fresh parsley 1/2 teaspoon dried thyme 1/2 teaspoon dried marjoram 1 bay
leaf Optional:
1 small onion, chopped 1 small carrot, chopped 2 allspice berries,
whole 1 teaspoon salt 1/2 teaspoon dried rosemary Combine ingredients. Yields 2 1/2 to 3
cups.
Marinade for Fish or Chicken 1 1/2 cups soy sauce 1 3/4 cups ketchup 1/4 cup dry red
wine
2 tablespoons fresh grated ginger 2 tablespoons brown sugar 1 small onion, finely chopped juice of
1 lemon (2 to 3 tablespoons) dash of bottled hot sauce 2 cloves garlic, mashed Combine ingredients. Yields 4 1/4
cups.
Marinade for Pork 1 1/2 cups dry white wine 3 tablespoons olive oil 1 small onion,
chopped 1 bay leaf 2 whole cloves 1/2 teaspoon dried thyme Optional:
1 small carrot, chopped 2 allspice berries, whole 2 juniper berries,
whole Combine ingredients. Yields 2 to 2 1/2 cups.
Marjoram = oregano (use less) = thyme
Marshmallows 1 large = 6 miniature 11 large = 1 cup
Masa Harina = corn flour
Mascarpone = cream cheese, whipped with a little butter and/or heavy
cream See Cheese, Mascarpone
Matsuke Mushrooms = morel mushrooms See Mushrooms
Maui Onions See Onions, Sweet
Mayonnaise = yogurt or sour cream, especially in small amounts and in dips
(Optional. add lemon juice)
Melon = papaya = mango
Melon, Crenshaw = Spanish melon
Melon, Honeydew = Casaba melon
Mexican Mint Marigold = tarragon
Milk, Evaporated = light cream or half and half = heavy cream
milk, in baking = fruit juice plus 1/2 teaspoon baking soda added to the
flour
Milk, 1 cup = 1 cup light cream (Optional. delete up to 4 tablespoons shortening
from recipe) = 1/2 cup evaporated milk plus 1/2 cup water = 1 cup skim milk (Optional. add 2 tablespoons
shortening) = 3 tablespoons powdered milk plus 1 cup water (add 2 tablespoons butter if whole milk is
required) = soy or nut milks, in recipes Millet = orzo (or other tiny pasta) = barley =
quinoa
Mineral water = club soda = seltzer
Mint = mint or spearmint tea from tea bags or bulk tea = creme de menthe,
in sweets
Mirin = sweet sherry = sweet vermouth
Mirliton See Chayote
Molasses, in baking, 1 cup = 3/4 cup white or brown sugar plus 1/4 cup liquid
Morel Mushrooms = matsuke mushrooms
Mung Beans = split peas
Mushrooms See Cepe, Cbanterelle, Matsuke, Morel, Oyster, Pied de Mouton,
Porcini, Sbiitake
Mushrooms, Fresh 1 lb. = 5 cups sliced 1 lb. = 12 ounces canned,
drained
Mustard, Dry, 1 teaspoon = 1 tablespoon prepared mustard from jar
Mustard Greens See Lettuce
See Greens
Mustard, Hot Chinese = Coleman's English dry mustard, prepared with
water
Prepared Mustard 1 teaspoon dry mustard 1/2 teaspoon water 2 drops vinegar Combine
well. Yields 1/2 tablespoon.
N
Nectarines = peaches
Noodles 1 lb. dried = 6 to 8 cups cooked
Noodles See Pasta
Nopal See Cactus
Nutmeg = allspice = cloves = mace
Nuts 1 lb. shelled = 4 cups nutmeats 1 lb. in shell = 12/3 cups
nutmeats
Nuts, in baking = bran = soy nuts, toasted and chopped Note: If less than 1/2 cup, can
be omitted from recipe.
O
Oil, for cooking, interchangeable: = canola oil = corn oil = light
sesame oil = olive oil = peanut oil (adds some flavor) = rice bran oil = safflower oil = soy oil = vegetable
oil Note: The burning temperatures of different oils, butter, and margarine vary.
Oil, for salads, flavored = almond oil = Asian sesame or dark sesame oil (mix with an unflavored
oil) = hazelnut oil = olive oil (use virgin) = walnut oil
Oil, for salads, unflavored, interchangeable = avocado oil = canola oil = rice bran oil =
safflower oil = soy oil Oil, for sauteing (not for deep-fat frying) = margarine or butter
Oil, in baking, l tablespoon = 1 1/4 tablespoons butter = 1 1/4 tablespoons margarine = 1
tablespoon mayonnaise, in cake recipes Note: Use these substitutions only for small amounts, up to a few
tablespoons. If substituting olive or other strong oils in baking, add a few drops of mint to mask the
pungency; the baked goods will have a mint flavor.
Okra = eggplant (although texture will be different)
Onion 1 medium = 3/4 cup chopped
Onion, White or yellow, 1 medium or 1/4 cup = red onion, not usually used for cooking = 1 tablespoon instant
minced onion = 1/4 cup frozen chopped onion = 1 tablespoon onion powder = shallots (use more) = leeks = green
onions (use more)
Onion Powder See Onion, White or Yellow
Onions, Sweet = Vidalia = Walla Walla = Maui = red, also called Italian red or
purple = Bermuda = Spanish yellow
Orange Peel = tangerine peel = marmalade = Grand Marnier
= Curacao = Cointreau = lemon or lime peel
Orange Peel, grated = equal amount of marmalade = equal amount of lemon or lime peel Note:
If less than 1 tablespoon, can be omitted from recipe.
Oranges 1 medium = 1/3 to 1/2 cup juice 1 medium = 1 to 2 tablespoons peel,
grated
Oregano = marjoram = rosemary = thyme, fresh
Oyster Mushrooms = button or market mushrooms
P
Pancake Syrup = fruit jelly, melted (add water to thin)
Pancetta = lean bacon, cooked = prosciutto = thinly sliced
ham
Paprika = turmeric with red or cayenne pepper
Parsley = chervil = tarragon
Parsley Root = parsnip
Parsnips = parsley root = carrots
Passion Fruit = pomegranates with apricot and grapefruit =
pomegranates
Pasta, filled = agnolotti = ravioli = tortellini = cannelloni =
manicotti
Pasta, flat = noodles = fettuccine = linguine = tagliatelle
Pasta, medium = rice noodles = spaghetti = soba (buck wheat) noodles = Oriental
(ramen) noodles
Pasta, miscellaneous shapes = farfalle ("butterflies") = mostaccioli ("little mustaches") =
rotelle ("wheels") = rotini ("corkscrews") = ruote ("wagon wheels") = gnocchi (miniature potato
dumplings)
Pasta, thin = angel hair = bucatini = fedelini = vermicelli = fusilli =
spaghettini = cappellini
Pasta, tiny = orzo = pastini
Pasta, tube = bocconcini = cannolicchi = ditali = macaroni = penne = rigatoni =
ziti
Pattypan Squash or Summer Squash = yellow crookneck squash = yellow straightneck squash =
zucchini
Peaches 1 lb. = 4 medium 1 lb. = 2 cups, sliced, peeled
Peaches = nectarines = cantaloupe (in an ice, primarily)
Peanut Butter = sesame paste = other nut butters
Peanuts 1 lb. shelled = 21/4 cups
Pear Apple See Asian Pears
Pears = Asian pears = apples
Peas 1 lb. in pod = 1 cup shelled
Pecans
1 lb. shelled = 3 to 4 cups nutmeats
Pecans Walnuts, in small amounts
Pepper See Black Pepper, Cayenne Pepper, Hot Red Pepper, Red
Pepper
Peppercorns See Black Peppercorns, White Peppercorns
Pepperoni = sausage, cooked = salami
Peppers See Chile or Chili Peppers, Green Peppers, Red Peppers, Yellow
Peppers
Pesto 2 cups fresh basil leaves, washed and thoroughly dried 2 cloves garlic
1/2 cup olive oil 1 cup freshly grated Parmesan or Romano cheese Optional: 1/2 cup toasted pine nuts or
shelled walnuts Process in a blender or food processor until smooth. Serve at room temperature. Yields 2
cups.
Pickling Spice 4 3-inch cinnamon sticks 1 1-inch piece dried ginger root 2
tablespoons mustard seed 2 teaspoons whole allspice 2 teaspoons black peppercorns 2 teaspoons whole cloves 2
teaspoons dill seed 2 teaspoons coriander seed 2 teaspoons whole mace, crumbled 8 bay leaves, crumbled 1
whole 1 1/2-inch dried red pepper, chopped Combine ingredients. Yields z/3 cup.
Pied de Mouton or Hedgehog Mushrooms = chanterelles
Pie Spice, Pumpkin or Apple 1/2 teaspoon cinnamon 1/4 teaspoon nutmeg 1/8 teaspoon
allspice
1/8 teaspoon cardamom 1/4 teaspoon ground cloves Combine spices. Yields enough for one 9-inch
pie.
Pimento = sweet red peppers, roasted and peeled
Pineapple guava See Guava
Pine Nuts or Pignoli = chopped walnuts for pesto and other Mediterranean-type recipes =
blanched, peeled, slivered almonds
Pink Beans = pinto beans = red beans = kidney beans (these are
larger)
Pinto Beans = pink beans = red beans = kidney beans (these are
larger)
Pita Bread = flour tortillas
Polenta = cornmeal = grits
Ponzu Sauce 2 parts soy sauce 1 part lemon juice Combine.
Porcini Mushroom = shiitake mushrooms = cepe or boletus mushrooms
Pork, ground = sausage meat (omit salt and other spices from
recipe)
Pork Fat, fresh = salt pork, boiled briefly (omit salt from recipe) = unsmoked bacon,
boiled briefly (omit salt from recipe)
Port = Madeira = sherry
Potatoes 1 lb. = 3 medium 1 lb. = 3 cups sliced 1 lb. = 2 1/4 cups cooked 1 lb.
= 1 3/4 cups mashed
Poultry Seasoning 2 tablespoons dried marjoram 2 tablespoons dried savory 2 teaspoons
dried parsley 1 tablespoon dried sage 1 1/2 teaspoons dried thyme Combine. Yields 1/3 cup.
Prawns = shrimp
Prosciutto = smoked ham
Prunes = dates = raisins = dried apricots Note: If less than 1/4 cup, can be
omitted from recipe.
Pumpkin = acorn squash = butternut squash
Prunes 1 lb. = 21/4 cups pitted
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